USA: Elder self-neglect and abuse are linked with higher mortality risks, finds study

. CHICAGO, Illinois / Journal of American Medical Association / August 5, 2009 A study of elderly people, who have been reported to a social service agency for self-neglect or abuse, finds these senior citizens had an increased risk of death, according to a study in the August 5 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), a theme issue on violence and human rights. Elder Self-neglect and Abuse and Mortality Risk in a Community-Dwelling Population XinQi Dong, MD; Melissa Simon, MD, MPH; Carlos Mendes de Leon, PhD; Terry Fulmer, PhD, RN; Todd Beck, MS; Liesi Hebert, ScD; Carmel Dyer, MD; Gregory Paveza, PhD, MSW; Denis Evans, MD JAMA. 2009;302(5):517-526. Context: Both elder self-neglect and abuse have become increasingly prominent public health issues. The association of either elder self-neglect or abuse with mortality remains unclear. Objective: To examine the relationship of elder self-neglect or abuse reported to social services agencies with all-cause mortality among a community-dwelling elderly population. Design, Setting, and Participants: Prospective, population-based cohort study (conducted from 1993 to 2005) of residents living in a geographically defined community of 3 adjacent neighborhoods in Chicago, Illinois, who were participating in the Chicago Health and Aging Project (CHAP; a longitudinal, population-based, epidemiological study of residents aged 65 years). A subset of these participants had suspected elder self-neglect or abuse reported to social services agencies. Main Outcome Measures: Mortality ascertained during follow-up and by use of the National Death Index. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess independent associations of self-neglect or elder abuse reporting with the risk of all-cause mortality using time-varying covariate analyses. Results: Of 9318 CHAP participants, 1544 participants were reported for elder self-neglect and 113 participants were reported for elder abuse from 1993 to 2005. All CHAP participants were followed up for a median of 6.9 years (interquartile range, 7.4 years), during which 4306 deaths occurred. In multivariable analyses, reported elder self-neglect was associated with a significantly increased risk of 1-year mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 5.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.20-6.51). Mortality risk was lower but still elevated after 1 year (HR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.67-2.14). Reported elder abuse also was associated with significantly increased risk of overall mortality (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.07-1.84). Confirmed elder self-neglect or abuse also was associated with mortality. Increased mortality risks associated with either elder self-neglect or abuse were not restricted to those with the lowest levels of cognitive or physical function. Conclusion: Both elder self-neglect and abuse reported to social services agencies were associated with increased risk of mortality. [rc] Author Affiliations: Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois (Drs Dong, Mendes de Leon, Hebert, and Evans and Mr Beck); Northwestern University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois (Dr Simon); College of Nursing, New York University, New York, New York (Dr Fulmer); Department of Medicine, University of Texas, Houston (Dr Dyer); and School of Health and Human Services, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven (Dr Paveza). Related Articles Elder Self-neglect: Medical Emergency or Marker of Extreme Vulnerability? Thomas M. Gill JAMA. 2009;302(5):570-571. Elder Abuse Carolyn J. Hildreth, Alison E. Burke, and Richard M. Glass JAMA. 2009;302(5):588. © 2009 American Medical Association